The Istrian goat is one of three Croatian indigenous (autochthonous) goat breeds which can be said to have significantly more historical and genetic than genetic importance at the moment. Since the Istrian goat is a critically endangered breed, its conservation and economic use should be put at the forefront of its management. With very little investment, milk yield of Istrian goats is higher than the milk yield of our other indigenous breeds. The number of valid breeding goats is slowly increasing, however, with only 38 valid breeding goats in 2018, only the rescue from the complete extinction of the breed is ensured. The prospect is in organic farming, which is growing more and more in the goat breeding each year, and also in the production of cheese with the designation of origin in small dairies. The production of Istrian goat meat should only be enhanced when the Istrian goat population reaches a sufficient level. Istrian goat breeding can be sustainable with respect to the tradition of breeding and using primarily its potential in milk production.